The 10 Most Important Dinosaurs of South America

Ethical Dilemma Of The Oil Spill - 2316 Words

Ethical Dilemma British petroleum has experienced a series of oil spill accidents since it was established, however, the 2010 oil spill was considered the worst oil spill accident in the company’s history. The drilling rig in the Deepwater Horizon exploded and killed 11 workers and released thousands of barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico (Arnold McKay 16). The accident affected different states along the coastline including Texas, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama and Louisiana. In addition, the oil spill affected the wild life as it killed birds, fish and destroyed nearby ecosystems and economies including tourism and fishing. Several factors contributed to the oil spill accident including cost saving and failure to put in place safety†¦show more content†¦The organizational culture of arrogance, noncompliance and risk- taking contributed to the accident. The company did not consider corporate social responsibility important and hence it did not drill the oil in a s ustainable way to protect the stakeholders and the environment. Instead, the company considered profit making a priority instead of the safety of the stakeholders and the public (Arnold McKay 20). Whistle-blowers were laid off and intimidated if they exposed the company’s unethical activities. As a result, the company undertook many projects and it was focused on working on the frontiers and managing the risk. Besides, the organization protected itself from stakeholder who questioned the firm’s decision to take the risks. The executive managers did not entertain opposing views. In addition to that, failure to put in place safety measures and risk management policies contributed to the accident. The OSHA identified flaws in the company’s regulations after the explosion at the Texas oil refinery, but the firm did not address the issues. Instead, the organization continued to take risks and cut costs and violated the United States law in order to reduce the cost s of producing oil. De Maria identified different strategies that the company should implement to address the issue and prevent future crises. De Maria believed the organization should be victim focused and accept the responsibility for the oil spill. BP accepted the responsibility for the oil spillShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemma with the Bp Oil Spill1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe BP oil spill, more famously referred to as the Deepwater Horizon Spill, occurred in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico and flowed unmitigated for as long as 3 months. The BP oil spill has fared as the largest marine oil spill ever confronted in the history of the petroleum industry. The oil spill on the 20th of April 2010 was primarily the result of a gas release followed by an explosion in the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, in the Gulf of Mexico, established on the Mocando exploration well designed forRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Bp Oil Spill1558 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Phillip Staton PHI 445 Personal Organizational Ethics Prof. Gloria Zuniga y Postigo February 29, 2016 Argumentative Essay: The BP Oil Spill Introduction In 2010, BP’s Deepwater Horizon rig exploded, causing millions of barrels of crude oil to be leaked out into the Gulf of Mexico. The extensive oil spill created a lot of pollution and far-reaching effects on the tourism industry. The resultant damage to marine wildlife such as fish will continue to be feltRead MoreEssay on Ethics in the Workplace - Bp Oil Spill1729 Words   |  7 PagesEthics in the Workplace Case Study: BP Oil Spill On April 20, 2010 off the Gulf of Mexico, there was a blowout of the Macondo well which is owned by British Petroleum also known as BP. When the blowout took place it got immediate media attention because aspects of the event were known over the world. Within events transpiring it was discovered how limited the resources and reaction to the disaster was going to be. This paper will detail aspects of the event from symptoms of the problem, the rootRead MoreOil Spill Case Study1519 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents Case 1: Oil Spill 3 Questions: 4 Analysis: 4 Case Background: 4 Case Summary: 4 Ethical Overview: 5 Courses of Action: 5 Sources of Conflict: 5 Ethical Decisions and Standards for the Conflict: 5 Outcomes: 7 Decision: 7 Case 1: Oil Spill Peter has been working with the Bigness Oil Company’s local affiliate for several years, and he has established a strong, trusting relationship with Jesse, manager of the local facility. TheRead MoreEthical Issues Surrounding the Bp Oil Spill1236 Words   |  5 PagesEthical Issues surrounding the BP Oil Spill By: Angela Higgins December 16, 2010 The BP Oil Spill which happened on April 20, 2010, was the largest offshore oil spill in U.S. history releasing approximately 185 million gallons of crude oil into the gulf. This event was the result of a wellhead on the Deepwater Horizon oil drilling platform blowing out in the Gulf of Mexico approximately 40 miles southeast offs the Louisiana coastline. Eleven men working on the oil rig platform were killedRead MoreEthical Dilemma1463 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemma PlentErgy is an openly traded oil and gas exploration company with operations mostly in Texas and Oklahoma. We do not want to miss the oil exploration in North Dakota. We are highly skilled in hydraulic fracturing or fracking, which is a technique that is used to release oil and gas from rock formations. We are confident that we could use fracking safely to release oil and gas from sites in North Dakota. The ethical dilemma that stands in the way is fracking is closely linked toRead MoreWhy Law And Ethics Should Be Legal1501 Words   |  7 Pagessomething is legal people think that it is ethical. Law is a system of rules of human conduct created by society but enforced by public authority. Being able to understand what is right or what is wrong, plus the ability to recognize the difference between them is called ethics. To have a successful business, employers need to have intensive ethical values as well as an organizational culture run on a set of ethical principles. As a matter o f fact, the ethical issue is very important because it couldRead MoreEthical Issues Of Offshore Drilling1008 Words   |  5 Pages Ethical Issues of Offshore Drilling As we know today, and have known for many years, BP is not just a local gas station that we go to sometimes to fill up our tanks. BP is a HUGE Multi-Billion dollar company! Many people believe they get there oil mostly from the mid-east but they’re also a company (or industry) that does offshore drilling for oil that is refined into a much more stable state that doesn’t blow up cars as soon as ignition occurs. Off shore drilling by definition on BP’s mainRead MoreBritish Petroleum Legal Practices And Ethical Responsibilities Within Its Corporation1019 Words   |  5 Pagesto its customers. It operates in more than 80 countries and produces approximately 3.2 million barrels of oil per day. Throughout the course of British Petroleum’s life cycle it has been involved in a number of legal dilemmas which related to environmental, safety, and political issues. The purpose of writing this report is to evaluate British Petroleum’s legal business practices and ethical responsibilities within its corporation. Evaluating multinational corporations are important for the overviewRead MoreHow Does Oil Affect Our Lives Depend On Oil1689 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Most people probably do not think about how much of their lives depend on oil. This profitable commodity is constantly being used around the world, twenty four hours a day and seven days a week. From the scented creams people use on their bodies, to the airline jets soaring above, oils are being used. Oil is one of three major forms of fossil fuels, coal and natural gas being the rest. Fossil fuels began forming millions of years ago in the Carboniferous Period when trees, plants, and

Macbeth and ‘throne of blood’ Free Essays

‘Throne of Blood’ is a close adaptation of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth to the life style and culture of feudal Japan; a 1957 film in black-and-white contrast that has been acclaimed as one of the best plot transposition of the Macbeth. It depicts the deceit, and greed associated with ambitious fervency to acquire power and engage in tyrannical acts. No doubt, there are similarities between the two plays; however, one of the original script was used in ‘Throne of Blood’. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth and ‘throne of blood’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, Washizu Taketori replaced but not as violent and deadly as Macbeth; Lady Macbeth was replaced with Washizu’s wife, Asaji a master-schemer far less humane as Lady. Macduff was not represented in the plot. But the threat for the throne was halted when General Miki was killed; but the latter returned as a ghost Unlike the Macbeth where the king was killed in a fight as prophesied by the three witches, Washizu was shot by his own archers, a nemesis reward of betrayal for a greedy and treacherous leader. Washizu’s fate was prophesized by a malevolent ghost, and not witches. Indeed, the film depicts clear eerie scenes of interactions marked by evil at high places, extensive use of symbols and mystic prowess to carry the viewers from ‘the Island’ to the intricacies of Japanese culture and practice. The theme of the story was not altered in any significant way; it clearly shows the fate of greed and craze for power. The characters employed used the uniqueness of the contemporary culture to relay the message of Macbeth: greed for power never pays; beware of friends, they can become traitors. The force of language lost in this translation was however replaced almost adequately with vivid imagery and sound. The film is great; and a must watch for lovers of Japanese culture, marshal arts especially Samurai styles. How to cite Macbeth and ‘throne of blood’, Essay examples

Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation

Question: Discuss about the Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation. Answer: Introduction Australia is a diver nation made up of people from different racial, ethnic, religious and cultural backgrounds. As a nation, Australia has not achieved the universal standards of health equity and equality. There is a disparity in healthcare services especially between the underprivileged indigenous and the privileged non-indigenous communities. The desire to bridge the disparity necessitated the establishment of the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations (NACCHOs). Currently, there are over 150 NACCHOs in different parts of the country. These organizations have made tremendous contributions in improving the health and quality of life of the indigenous communities. One such organization is Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation whose existence has immensely transformed the lives of the Barkley and Tenant Creek-based Aboriginals. History and Background Information Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation is an organization that was established in 1984, as Anyinginyi Congress Aboriginal Corporation. This was done following the institution of the NACCHOs in 1974 and the eventual establishment of the founding Aboriginal Medical Service (AMS) in 1971. The founders of the organization realized that the Aboriginal communities living in Barkley and Tenant Creek were facing numerous socio-economic challenges that needed to be addressed (Shepherd, Adams, McEntyre Walker, 2014). In this regard, its aim was to help in providing quality primary healthcare services to the community members. Since its establishment, the organization has undergone lots of changes. In 2003, the organization changed its name to Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation. In 2009, the management of the organization passed a vote to expand its scope and geographical coverage (Panaretto, Wenitong, Button Ring, 2014). Later, in 2010, it opened a new Health Center before it was cro wned as the only primary health care provider in the expansive Barkly region. Today, the organization is instrumental because it offers a wide range of services to the target Aboriginal communities. In 2009, the management of the organization passed a vote to expand its scope and geographical coverage. Vision and Objectives of Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation is a NACCHO entity which was established with the aim of uplifting the quality of life of the Aboriginal communities. Its vision statement is to be a key player in successfully closing the gap in the health status of Indigenous persons in the Barklyregion. The founders of the organization realized that the indigenous communities were living in a poor state of health. Therefore, there was a need to come up with an organization with clearly-defined objectives (Panaretto, Wenitong, Button Ring, 2014). The first objective is to provide scientifically-grounded sound primary healthcare services to the target Aboriginal communities. It would help in narrowing the gap that existed in the health accessibility of the indigenous communities. Secondly, the organization is committed to providing a culturally-responsive healthcare service to the indigenous communities. Moreover, the organization is committed to provide community-controlled healthcare services. Meaning, it has to fully-rely on the healthcare providers from the indigenous communities to attend to the patients (Donato Segal, 2013). Lastly, the organization has an objective of uplifting the living standards of the indigenous communities by addressing the socio-economic needs through the provision of educational, and employment opportunities. The Health Services Provided by Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation offers a wide range of services to the indigenous residents of Barkley and Tenant Creek. Since it expanded the scope of its operations, the organization has created many departments each of which is concerned with services such primary healthcare, educational, recreation, administration, well-being, and empowerment services (Shepherd, Adams, McEntyre Walker, 2014). Currently, the organization has rolled-out a number of programs because it considers them as the propriety areas to tackle. First and foremost, the organization offers primary clinical care services to the indigenous communities. It offers evidence-based community controlled healthcare services to its clients. Here, people are given medications, emergency services, management strategies and high standard treatments for the illnesses they are suffering from (McDermott, Schmidt, Preece, Owens, Taylor Esterman, 2015). Besides, the organization has been engaged in the delivery of preventive care and population health services. These entail a wide range of services such as communicable disease control, screening, diagnosis, antenatal care, immunization, comprehensive health information system, and pharmaceutical supply system. At the same time, people have been provided with educational services to help in addressing the cases of lifestyle, alcoholism, drug abuse, physical exercises, hygiene, and environmental health (Gubhaju, et al., 2013). In addition, the organization offers clinical support system services to the indigenous community members. Here, the local community members are adequately trained on modern care, recruited, and given an opportunity to serve their people and participate in the major decision-making processes. At the same time, the employees are motivated by providing them with favorable working environment, proper remuneration, housing facilities, and advancement opportunities. This is a good strategy that has succeeded in empowering the local community members (Brown, O'Shea, Mott, McBride, Lawson Jennings, 2015). Inclusion in the provision of care services to their community members has been applauded because it helps in accomplishing the objective of providing culturally-responsive care to the indigenous communities (Baba, Brolan Hill, 2014). Addressing the needs of the indigenous communities does not only entail healthcare provision, but the meeting of socio-economic needs as well. Membership of Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation is a NACCHO, a community-controlled organization exclusively instituted to serve the local community members within its area of jurisdiction. Its membership therefore only includes the Aboriginal communities living in Tennant Creek and the Barkly (Mitrou, et al., 2014). This is a 100 km radius area inhibited by the indigenous people who rely on its community-managed quality and culturally-responsive services. Contacts and Locations of Services As already hinted, Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation is a community-controlled organization whose services are restricted to Barkly and Tenant Creek regions. These are the only places in which the organization is found. However, its head quarters are located along Irvine Street in Tenant Creek. In case of any communication, correspondence can be made to this address: 1 Irvine St, Tennant Creek NT 0860, Australia. Meanwhile, the telephone number used by the organization is +61889622633. Comments and Personal reflections of Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation Given the significant contributions of Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation in the society, it would be so unfair to rank the organization as inefficient. So far, the organization is a success. It has made tremendous contributions in the lives of the Aboriginal communities in Barkly and Tenant Creek. Apart from providing responsive healthcare services, the organization has done a great job in empowering the indigenous communities and improving the quality of their lives (Russell, 2013). It has done this by recognizing the Aboriginals as a disadvantaged community that deserves to be educated, employed, given quality healthcare services, and involved in the management of their healthcare services. Issues and Challenges within Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation was established to promote equality between the indigenous and non-indigenous communities. Although it has achieved most of its objectives, the organization still faces numerous challenges that need to be addressed. Most importantly, it is underfunded. The organization offers so many services which require a lot of money to efficiently support. The nature of services and geographical area covered implies that the organization should have enough money. However, this has not been the case because of limited resources. It has not been practically possible to lobby for enough resources to cater for all the services provided to the remote, rural, and urban-based aboriginals (Gajjar, Zwi, Hill Shannon, 2014). Conclusion Australia is a modern and developed nation in which there should be no disparities. The existing situation is worrying because healthcare services are closely-linked to racism. This justifies why it is not equally accessed by the indigenous communities as compared to their non-indigenous counterparts. Such a situation can be ultimately resolved if community-controlled organizations are established, supported, and objectively and transparently operated the way the management of Anyinginyi Health Aboriginal Corporation has done. It is the way to go. References Baba, J.T., Brolan, C.E. Hill, P.S., (2014). Aboriginal medical services cure more than illness: a qualitative study of how Indigenous services address the health impacts of discrimination in Brisbane communities. International journal for equity in health, 13(1), p.1. Brown, A., O'Shea, R.L., Mott, K., McBride, K.F., Lawson, T. Jennings, G.L., (2015). A strategy for translating evidence into policy and practice to close the gap-developing essential service standards for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cardiovascular care. Heart, Lung and Circulation, 24(2), pp.119-125. Donato, R. Segal, L., (2013). Does Australia have the appropriate health reform agenda to close the gap in Indigenous health?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Gajjar, D., Zwi, A.B., Hill, P.S. Shannon, C., (2014). A case study in the use of evidence in a changing political context: an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health service re- examines practice models, governance and financing. Australian Health Review, 38(4),pp.383-386. Gubhaju, L., et al., (2013). The overall health and risk factor profile of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants from the 45 and up study. BMC public health, 13(1),p.1. McDermott, R.A., Schmidt, B., Preece, C., Owens, V., Taylor, S., Li, M. Esterman, A., (2015). Community health workers improve diabetes care in remote Australian Indigenous communities: results of a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC healthservices research, 15(1), p.1. Mitrou, F., et al., (2014). Gaps in Indigenous disadvantage not closing: a census cohort study of social determinants of health in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand from 19812006. BMC Public Health, 14(1), p.1. Panaretto, K. S., Wenitong, M., Button, S., Ring, I. T. (2014). Aboriginal communitycontrolled health services: leading the way in primary care. Med J Aust, 200(11), 649-52. Russell, L.M. (2013). Reports indicate that changes are needed to close the gap for Indigenoushealth. Med J Aust, 199(11), pp.1-2. Shepherd, S. M., Adams, Y., McEntyre, E., Walker, R. (2014). Violence risk assessment in Australian Aboriginal offender populations: A review of the literature. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 20(3), 281.

Beyond Beats and Rhymes free essay sample

The box that Byron is speaking of Is that they write songs about bitched, hoes, drugs and killing others, In other words objectifying women and masculinity. In order to support his thesis that hip-hop has changed dramatically from its original roots, he went to Florida for an event being held by a popular hip hop network. While at this event he greatly proves his point, he shows people freestyles and battling and all they rap about Is killing people and akin other men feel like women by calling them bitched and fights etc.Everything he sees at this event shows different types of conflict models. It shoes white majority vs.. Ethnic molesters when rappers talk about living In ghettos and white people who live In the suburbs listen to rap as their only means of understanding what black people go through In their lives you could also Include wealthy vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Beyond Beats and Rhymes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . The working class in this argument. Patriarchy vs.. Feminism is also great discussed in this film when he talks about women from Spaceman College in Atlanta ere angry at Newly for sliding a credit card through a womans butt crack in one of his music videos.Hip-hop could get step out of the box very easily all they have to do is start rapping about the good side of African American life and avoid the negative. Be the innovators of change for the African American society, by giving back to the communities. They should lead by example they have great power and a voice that people will listen too if they used it to speak about change and education people will listen.

Definition and Examples of Base Forms of Words

Definition and Examples of Base Forms of Words In English grammar, a base is the form of a word to which prefixes and suffixes  can be added to create new words. For example, instruct is the base for forming instruction, instructor, and reinstruct. Also called a root or stem. Put another way, base forms are words that are not derived from or made up of other words. According to  Ingo Plag, The term root is used when we want to explicitly  refer to the indivisible central part of a complex word. In all other cases, where the status of a form as indivisible or not is not an issue, we can just speak of bases (or, if the base is a word, base words) (Word-Formation in English, 2003). Examples and Observations In most situations, the user of English has no problem at all recognizing prefixes, bases, and suffixes. For instance, in the sentence, They repainted the old car, the complex word repainted obviously has three elementsa prefix, a base, and a suffix: re paint ed. The base paint is the words semantic core, the starting place for describing what the word is being used to mean in a given utterance. The prefix and suffix add semantic content to that core, the prefix re adding the content again, and the suffix ed adding in the past. (D. W. Cummings, American English Spelling. JHU Press, 1988) Base Forms and Word Roots [The term base] refers to any part of a word seen as a unit to which an operation can be applied, as when one adds an affix to a root or stem. For example, in unhappy the base form is happy; if -ness is then added to unhappy, the whole of this item would be considered the base to which the new affix is attached. Some analysts, however, restrict the term base to be equivalent to root, the part of a word remaining when all affixes have been removed. In such an approach, happy would be the base form (the highest common factor) of all its derivations- happiness, unhappy, unhappiness, etc. This meaning leads to a special use in prosodic morphology to define the portion of the output in correspondence with another portion of the form, especially the reduplicant. (David Crystal,  Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th ed. Blackwell, 2008) Citation Forms For adjectives, e.g. bad, the base form is the so-called absolute form (as against the comparative form worse, or the superlative form worst). For other word classes, e.g. adverb or preposition, where there are no grammatical variants, there is only one form that can be the headword. These base forms of words, the headwords of dictionary entries, may be termed the citation forms of lexemes. When we want to talk about the lexeme sing, then the form that we cite (i.e. quote) is the base formas I have just doneand that is taken to include all the grammatical variants (sings, singing, sang, sung). (Howard Jackson, Words and Their Meaning. Routledge, 2013) Bases in Complex Words Another classic problem of morphology [is] the case of a complex word with a recognizable suffix or prefix, attached to a base that is not an existing word of the language. For example, among the -able words are words such as malleable and feasible. In both cases the suffix -able (spelled -ible in the second case because of a different historical origin for the suffix) has the regular meaning be able, and in both cases the -ity form is possible (mealleability and feasibility). We have no reason to suspect that able/ible here is not the real suffix -able. Yet if it is, then malleable must be broken down as malle able and feasible as feas ible; but there are no existing words (free morphemes) in English such as malle or feas, or even malley or fease. We thus have to allow for the existence of a complex word whose base exists only in that complex word . . .. (A. Akmajian, R. A. Demers, A. K. Farmer, R. M. Harnish, Linguistics: An Introduction to Language and Communication. MIT, 2001)

Legalization of Marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Legalization of Marijuana - Research Paper Example The prohibition of marijuana came in 1937 when the state declared its consumption illegal (Havelka 1). Since its prohibition, related cases of marijuana consumption continue to dominate the law enforcement sector and victims who break the law face the justice system. The question as to whether the drug should be legal draws considerable support and disregard from a range of diplomatic, social, economic and health grounds. In the contemporary society, legalization of marijuana would form a fair ground in the end of the debate. The apparent anticipation by a number of individuals of the possibility of an increase in marijuana consumption upon its legalization does not form a credible reason to oppose the debate. Since the illegalization of marijuana, the numbers of people who consume it continue to rise and increase. An increase in the number of consumers of marijuana, according to records by the law enforcement sector, is an indispensable reality. Partly, the elevating number of marij uana users emanates from the illegality of its consumption since the illegality strikes the urge from many people, the youth especially, to try out its use. There are several theories that suggest that illegalizing drug use and its prohibition boost the usage, on the contrary. The ban on alcohol use, for instance, eradicated a considerable resource of revenues taxes from the government and increased the spending of government to impose the laws. These are applicable in the use of marijuana, given its prohibition. Legalization of marijuana, therefore, would eliminate the psychological effect that strikes the youth to try out its use. Legalization would lower the number of new addicts of marijuana and its consumption and abuse. It is, therefore, viable and logical to legalize marijuana in the contemporary society as a means to reduce the number of new addicts and users, especially among the youths. The fight against drug and substance abuse is an evidently expensive engagement for a n umber of governments. It involves the enforcement of the law that prohibits the conduct. There is an increase in the expenses in the judicial system to execute cases of marijuana sales victims and those who consume the drug. The various expenses used shall considerably reduce with the legalization of marijuana. Besides reducing the expenses used to ensure no marijuana use, legalizing marijuana in would serve as a source of revenues. Tax imposed on marijuana can help in boosting the amount of revenue collected by the country. The sales of marijuana with its legalization would increase job opportunities. Increased job opportunities have a vital contribution in ensuring a stable economic condition of a country. It would turn advantageous to legalize marijuana use given the role it would play in contributing to an improved economic condition. Ensuring a healthy population is a key role of every government. Drug and substance abuse is detrimental to the health of the population that the government has the mandate to protect. Government health officials rarely test illegal drugs for their safety when consumed by the citizens since they are sold through unaccepted means. Illegal sales of drugs render the health of the public at stake since the drugs do not pass health tests. Legalization of marijuana would see an enactment of laws that will have provisions on heath standards consideration for its sales. This will improve the

Nuclear Attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nuclear Attack on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Essay Example ions like Vietnam, coastal China and in its efforts to increase its oil reserves, after the boycott of oil supply by America, its attacks and subsequent accession to Indonesia, considerably expanded its territorial rights over a large area in Pacific Ocean. This aggressive behaviour further escalated the tension between Japan and the Allied forces specially America and Britain. The war between the two intensified, leading to bloodiest attacks of Pearl Harbour by Japanese forces and invasion of Okinawa by US forces. Even though, the allied forces regained territories and reduced the Japanese influence in the Pacific, they were unable to overpower the might of Japanese forces. Hence, after the fall of Mussolini of Italy and Hitler of Germany, Japan became the sole target of the allied forces. The decision to bomb the two cities had mainly two objectives. The foremost being, to establish the superiority of the American forces and the second was to experiment the atomic bomb which was re cently developed by the American scientists. ‘..for Americans, the dominant story is that the bombs provided an appropriate and necessary conclusion to a just war; for Japanese, it is a symbol of their victimization’ (Selden, 97). Hiroshima was the headquarters of the Japanese army and one of the most advanced cities of Japan. It therefore became the first target of the nuclear attack by America. American President, Harry S. Truman, deliberately targeted Hiroshima because the devastation of the city and killing of a large part of the population, would, according to the American President, convincingly show the repercussions of the Japanese refusal for an amicable peace treaty. The detonation of ‘Little Man’ (name of the nuclear bomb that was dropped) on Hiroshima on 6th August 1945, became a reality and created unprecedented holocaust, ever recorded in the history of mankind. It killed more than 90,0002 people, maimed and injured grievously more than 30,0003 and genetically

Strategy Formulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategy Formulation - Essay Example Expansion into foreign markets proved successful for Altria and they added more countries to the list to distribute their products to. Some critics cite the reason for foreign expansion as to sell their controversial products where policies are not as strict as in the US. After the Master Settlement Agreement which imposed some marketing and selling sanctions on Altria’s products, Altria had to reinvent their strategy and aim to expand worldwide where such restrictions weren’t applicable. Although Altria has been successful in worldwide operations, their controversial tactics, health hazards of their products, increasing litigations and the availability of cheaper counterfeit products pose serious challenges to them to operate globally. Maybe to counter these threats, Altria has announced that it would split up the International division of Philip Morris in 2008 after the meeting on January 30, 2008 subject to favorable tax ruling. (Ambregni, 2008) Question 2: SWOT Analysis Altria's basic revenue comes from its cigarette brands of Philip Morris. Therefore any factors that affect Philip Morris brands, affects Altria to a large extent. Therefore the analysis done below is strongly related to the cigarettes brands of Altria Strengths Global Operations - Altria operates globally in more than 150 countries with over 25 Philip Morris brands (MapofWorld, 2005). Although their competition is strong, brands such as Marlboro being the most popular cigarettes in the world. Having different laws and opportunities to exploit certain rulings that are not applicable in US, Altria has penetrated the international market. Philips Morris international, once spun off, is expected to get 48 billion dollars of annual revenue. This would also free the international division to focus on external soils without any restrictions that the company still faces because of US policies. (Ambregni, 2008) Strong Brand Names - Altria is the parent company of basically cigarette manufacturing companies. Over the years Altria's company, Philip Morris have built strong brands such as Marlboro, Benson and Hedges, Philip Morris, Parliament, Virginia Slims etc. the popularity and awareness of these brand linking to Altria has created benefits for the company in terms of profitability, sales, product diversification and customer loyalty. Addictive Capability of their Products - Altria's companies all have a similarity in one aspect of the products made. They all have addictive tinges. Almost all Philip Morris cigarette brands, John Middleton's Cigars and SAB Millers brews contain the characteristics of leaving a person want more of it. Since customers want to keep having these products, Altria has ensured that its customers remain loyal and get 100% customer retention. Supports FDA Regulation - "Philip Morris USA is the only U.S. tobacco company that supports meaningful and effective regulation of tobacco products by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)." This creates a competitive advantage for Altria in the US to have the support of FDA which the consumers follow very strictly. (Altria, 2005) Focus in One Area - In 2007, Altria spun off its food subsidiary Kraft Foods so that Altria could focus on tobacco side. By focusing on one area, the management and strategies can be all aligned to meet the corporation's objectives easily and more efficiently. (Ambregni, 2008) Opportunities Production in Foreign Markets - banking on the success in US, Altria can expand its operations further by increasing production in foreign markets. Some countries that have to import Altria products, have to pay high prices. By adding those countries to

The Effect of Colours: Emotion and Symbolism of Colour

The Effect of Colours: Emotion and Symbolism of Colour Colour theory has been dated back to the 15th Century with the writings of Leone Battista Alberti and Leonardo da Vinci. From these early beginnings, colour theory has developed to cover painting, optics, psychology and many other disciplines, including film making. Colour and Emotion There has been research into colour, emotion and how they interlock for at least the last 50 years. A lot of this research comes under psychology. This is still useful to many other disciplines including film makers so they can try to control the emotion of the viewer using colour. T the work of Lois B. Wexner (1954) explores how mood-tone and colours are associated with each other. Her research shows that certain colours do have strong associations with mood-tones, such as red with excitement, blue with tender-soothing and yellow with cheerful-jovial-joyful among others. The American psychologist Frank H. Mahnke (1996) has also conducted experiments into colour and emotion associations, in his findings he found some very strong associations, especially with red/love, black/hate, blue/peace blue-violet/noble. In Table 1 tabulated from his experiments, it shows the range of colours chosen by participants with the term and the percentage match they gave. Mankhe also grouped certain colours together where there was strong overlap , for example, blue, blue-green, green with the term peace/tranquillity. Term Colours Chosen Percentage Love Red, Red-Violet 81% Hatred Black, Red 89.6% Peace/Tranquillity Blue, Blue-Green, Green 93.6% Mourning/Sorrow Black,Grey 86% Happy Yellow, Orange 63% Jovial Orange, Yellow 50% Life Green 73% Luminous Yellow 65% Noble Blue, Blue-Violet, Violet 81% Table Colour Emotion Associations (Mahnke 1996) Wei, Dimitrova Chang (2004) established their association of corresponding colours to mood-tones (emotions), which is summarized in table 2. Colours Associated Mood Tones (Emotion Terms) Black Hatred, Mourning, Sorrow, Indefinite White Mourning, Grief, Depression Red Love, Hatred, Life, Noble Orange Jovial, Happy Green Tranquillity, Peace, Life Blue Peace, Tranquillity, Noble Purple Love, Noble, Authoritative Table Wei, Dimitrova Chang (2004) Use of Colours in Film The use of colour by film makers is deliberate and planned (Bellantoni 2005). To ensure that a film will have the colour which will bring a response from the audience they can either do test screenings, such as what cinematographer Rodger Deakins does in Shawshank Redemption. He tested different colours and paints to find the look required for each scene. While the use of colour can be analysed as it can have a strong affect on mood and emotions many times cinematographers will work by instinct and what it just looks right (Bellantoni 2005). It is possible to distil each film into its own colour palette. Artist Alan Woo shows quite distinctly how a film can have a distinctive colour palette. In his project Pie (Woo 2008) he processed each frame of a film into a colour and produced a pie chart for that film. Film makers have used colours nearly the whole spectrum of colours to their advantage in storytelling. Red Red is associated with danger, risk taking, action, love, hate. Director Alfred Hitchcock used these associated in the film Marnie, where he added red frames to attempt to excite the audience (Hullfish Fowler 2003). Director Sergei Eisenstien use of selective red in The Battleship Potemkin where a hand painted Soviet flag is hoisted up the ships mast. As well as the glorifying the Communist regime, according to Misek (2019) the redness overwhelms its intended meaning, the viewer notices the colour red and its power over the Soviet connotations. Reds can also convey action. In the film Run Lola Run, director Franka Potente uses the central characters red hair, a red ambulance, red bag (Martell 2002) and saturated red light to keep the audience in a high octane state (Bellantoni 2005). Orange According to Bellantoni (2005), oranges on the other hand do not give a strong emotional response to the audience, they are often provoke a warm, romantic, welcoming and also a sense of nostalgia. This is strongly convey in the Coen Brothers film O Brother Where Art Thou? where the whole film was digitally coloured in a orange/brown sepia to give the viewer a sense of the Mississippi during the Great Depression, a look of faded postcards (Fisher 2000). One place where orange does give the audience an unsettling appearance is when its in the air. For example, the orange sky in Blade Runner shows the polluted atmosphere. Production Designer Larry Pauli mentions to Bellantoni (2005 p.142), that the orange sky is acid but conversely softer and romantic depending on the outside or inside of the shot. Green The colour green can have two contrasting emotive responses in the viewer, depending on how it is used. Green is the colour of nature, health and vitality but also the colour of poison, illness and evil. Bellantoni (2005) writes that green is used by cinematographer John Seale creation of the lush vista in Witness. The green wheat fields where the Amish work. They connect the rural Amish to the agricultural work they live to do. These scenes are also where the protagonist is healing and in a stage of renewal, which the greens convey to the viewer. The colour green is used in The Matrix to show the virtual reality that central character Neo is trapped in. Directors the Wachokwski brothers took this green from was a whole motif inspired by the phosphorous green of old PCs (Davies n.d.). The use of the green in the simulated world contrasts with the harsher blue-white palette of reality, despite being a film all about the digital these greens were achieved optically through use of green lighting mise-en-scà ¨ne (Misek 2010). Blue Blue has strong associations with peace and tranquility. However in film it is more used to show coolness, detachment and passiveness. Dorothys dress in the Wizard of Oz is blue and white gingham showing her powerlessness in the film. It is not until she gains the bright red ruby slippers doe she gain any power (Bellantoni 2005). Bellantoni (2005) writes that blue is used to show the detachment and coldness of the prison in Shawshank Redemption. The prison uniforms and walls are all bathed in a soft blue/grey light which also highlight the passiveness of the inmates. However, blue also represents hope and freedom, Ellis Boyd Red Redding (Morgan Freeman) says I hope the Pacific is as blue as it has been in my dreams talking about his dreams of freedom and when the audience does get to see the ocean it is a much richer blue than the pale washed out version in the prison. Purple Purple has a long history of being a regal colour. This can be seen in Gladiator, where character Marcus Aurelius wears a purple hood, symbolising his regal power. Purple can also represent death or change. In Chicago, the strong use of purple light alludes to the death and delusion, bringing a seriousness to the musical song and dance (Bellantoni 2005). The dark purples are also heavy, representing the closeness of the criminal underworld. Death is also represented by purple in the film Apocalypse Now where a bright purple smoke flare is released and men start to die. Gaspar Noà ©s Enter The Void, a film about death, the afterlife and crime uses strong use of neon-purple contrasting with the dark Tokyo night where the film is set. Yellow Yellow can represent happiness, jovialness, wealth and warning. The use of yellow of Johns car as well as the yellow-neon lights in American Graffiti shows his youth and playfulness. Gold, a shade of yellow is closely associated with wealth. Koszarski (1999) writes that in Erich von Stroheim silent film Greed, Von Strohiem used Handschiegl colour on certain film prints to colour yellow all the gold items in an otherwise black and white film. This gave it a recurrent symbolism of the main characters greed. Greyscale Even with the advent of colour film, many film makers still choose to use the absence of colour in their works. The first film to go through the digital intermediate process of colour grading was Pleasantville, a film which uses the absence and presence of colour in its story. As the film progresses from the black and white beginning, the introduction of selective colourisation is used as a disruptive force on the traditional suburban black and white town. While other films have used the contrast of full colour and black and white scenes they are usually separate, giving the viewer an understanding of the differences between two places. For example the Wizard of Oz has a black and white Kansas, while the land of Oz is a glorious colour. Schindlers List is another example of selective colour used, in an otherwise black and white film a red coat of a young girl is used to individualise the cold, mechanical horrors of the holocaust. Greyscale can give a sense of seriousness and realism. Masik (2010) writes that Spike Lees Shes Gotta Have It was made in black-and-white for aesthetic and budget reasons and also because the Director of Photography liked the film black and white film Raging Bull which he interpreted as summoning the photojournalism s in 1950s Life magazine. Use of colour however is not always to the audiences and critics taste. Filmmaker Todd Miro (2010) blogs about the Color Grading Virus that is Teal Orange He cites Hollywood productions of Transformers 2 and Iron Man 2 where the colour grading has been overdone to attempt to bring attention to the skin tones(usually orange range of colours) of the actors away from the background. Journalist Phil Hoad (2010) spoke to Hollywood colourist Stefan Sonnenfeld, who says Traditional vs. Digital Colour grading has a long history. From the early days of hand painting individual frames to the photochemical processes still used by modern filmmakers. The bleach-bypass method was introduced by Technicolor (Shaw 2010). Shaw (2010) explains that this is when film is processed in lab to alter the colour balance. This process is also expensive and not reversible. This process has been used in many films, such as Dick Tracey, Saving Private Ryan (American Society of Cinematographers, 1998). Director Steven Spielberg and Director of Photography Janusz Kaminiski also used this technique in Munich. Kaminski mentions to Goldman (2005 p.14) a sense of tenseness, a sense of rawness. Kamainiski works with traditional laboratory methods as that is what he has done in the past and feels that the use of digital technology allows the colourist to constantly change their grading and get lost as they have no standard. Process used by Digital Colourists Primary Colour Grading When grading video, the first task is to set up the overall image. Tasks included including fixing white balance, removing colour casts, matching tones between shots and contrast levels. The first task many colourists will tackle first is setting the black level of the image.

Brutus versus Cassius in Shakespeares Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

Brutus vs. Cassius In the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is the story of Julius Caesar’s death that took place 1500 years ago. Caesar, during the time, was escalading in power and was to become emperor. The public was mostly pleased with having Julius Caesar as their emperor but there were people who were outraged and were determined to stop this from happening. The conspirators, as they were called, were a group made up of senators and men of high status in Rome. The two most important men were Marcus Brutus and Cassius. These two men planned and killed Julius Caesar and later led a civil war against Octavious Caesar, Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus. Although both Brutus and Cassius had their hearts set on the same goal they show distinct contrast between their traits and their moral fiber. Brutus is a character of fierce loyalty and nobility towards Rome. He is a man honored and admired by everyone. He gets too preoccupied with his political life and doesn’t give enough attention or love to his wife. Brutus is also a man of strong pride and self confidence which led to the fate of this tragic hero. Brutus’ honor is displayed during his speech at Caesar’s funeral, â€Å"Who is here is so rude that would not be a Roman? If any speak, for him I have offended†(3.2.29-32). Although Brutus has strong honor, he is also over confident. This is shown to us when he tries to befriend Antony. â€Å"O Antony, beg not your death of us! Though now we must appear bloody and cruel, as by our hands and this our present act you see we do, yet see you but our hands. And this bleeding business they have done†(3.1.177-181). Brutus is clouded by his exaggerated poise and can not realize that Antony will be livid and will not listen. Brutus could not see the harm being caused, instead he was a man thinking for the good of Rome. Cassius is a character far less great then that of Brutus. Cassius is an envious and corrupt man who is also politically astute and thinks inward instead of out like Brutus. Cassius’ motive for killing Julius Caesar is because he is jealous of Caesar’s political position and for him to obtain more power. Brutus versus Cassius in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar :: essays research papers Brutus vs. Cassius In the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is the story of Julius Caesar’s death that took place 1500 years ago. Caesar, during the time, was escalading in power and was to become emperor. The public was mostly pleased with having Julius Caesar as their emperor but there were people who were outraged and were determined to stop this from happening. The conspirators, as they were called, were a group made up of senators and men of high status in Rome. The two most important men were Marcus Brutus and Cassius. These two men planned and killed Julius Caesar and later led a civil war against Octavious Caesar, Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus. Although both Brutus and Cassius had their hearts set on the same goal they show distinct contrast between their traits and their moral fiber. Brutus is a character of fierce loyalty and nobility towards Rome. He is a man honored and admired by everyone. He gets too preoccupied with his political life and doesn’t give enough attention or love to his wife. Brutus is also a man of strong pride and self confidence which led to the fate of this tragic hero. Brutus’ honor is displayed during his speech at Caesar’s funeral, â€Å"Who is here is so rude that would not be a Roman? If any speak, for him I have offended†(3.2.29-32). Although Brutus has strong honor, he is also over confident. This is shown to us when he tries to befriend Antony. â€Å"O Antony, beg not your death of us! Though now we must appear bloody and cruel, as by our hands and this our present act you see we do, yet see you but our hands. And this bleeding business they have done†(3.1.177-181). Brutus is clouded by his exaggerated poise and can not realize that Antony will be livid and will not listen. Brutus could not see the harm being caused, instead he was a man thinking for the good of Rome. Cassius is a character far less great then that of Brutus. Cassius is an envious and corrupt man who is also politically astute and thinks inward instead of out like Brutus. Cassius’ motive for killing Julius Caesar is because he is jealous of Caesar’s political position and for him to obtain more power.

Staphylococcus Aureus

Foodborne Illness Short Answer Questions Staphylococcus †¢What is the infectious agent (pathogen) that causes this infectious disease? The pathogen that causes Staphylococcus is called Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is also called Staph and is abbreviated to S. aureus or Staph aureus in medical literature. S. aureus is a bacterium that causes various infections. Staph is a commonly found on the skin and also in mucus membranes (mostly the nose and throat) of up to 25% of healthy people and animals. Depending on the type of strain S. ureus, can cause minor skin infections such as pimples, boils, carbuncles, and abscesses or life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome. (Microbiology, 2005) Some strains produce an enterotoxin that causes staphylococcus aureus gastroenteritis, also known as food poisoning. The most harmful species of S. aureus is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); this bacterium has de veloped antibiotic resistance. (Microbiology, 2005) Each year, approximately half a million people are admitted to a hospital in the U. S. ue to a staphylococcal infection. †¢How is this infectious agent transmitted through food or water? S. aureus is not necessarily transmitted through food or water but primarily through direct person-to-person contact. It is also possible to transmit through indirect contact (i. e. contaminated environmental surfaces). Staph infections are common hospital-acquired infections due to the possibility of health care providers being carriers of this, usually harmless, bacteria. A carrier of S. aureus can easily contaminate their own hands by contact with their nose in the course of routine activities. Skin to skin contact is the most significant mode of transmitting the pathogen and hand washing can significantly reduce transmission. Staph infections can spread through contact with pus from an infected wound, contact with objects such as towels, sheets, or clothing. (Wiki, 2012) S. aureus can remain living for long periods of time on linen, clothing and dust. †¢What is an example of a real life outbreak of this foodborne illness in the United States? I found this example of a real life outbreak, although it is not in the US, I found it astonishing that the outbreak ended with proper hygiene. In January 2008, a cluster of neonates with bullous impetigo in a hospital of northern Thailand was investigated. Medical records and working timetables of healthcare workers (HCWs) were reviewed. During an environmental study, bacteriological samples from HCWs and equipments were taken. The study resulted in 16 confirmed cases and 14 probable cases. The attack rate was 42%. Most cases had skin blisters (28 cases) followed by pustules (five cases) and exfoliation (three cases). The location of the lesion was the trunk (17 cases), neck (14 cases) or armpits (nine cases). Nineteen cases had symptoms onset after discharge from hospital. Median age at onset was 4 days. The strain isolated from an infected newborn shared the same phage type as the contaminated equipment. Insufficient hand hygiene was an observed risk behavior of HCWs and visitors. Exposure to a nasal carrier of Staphylococcus aureus and ward sharing with a symptomatic case increased the risk of acquiring the infection. The outbreak ended abruptly after implementation of hand hygiene practices and equipment cleaning. (Eurosurveillance, 2008) What are the clinical symptoms, duration of the disease, and treatment if any? The clinical symptoms of a skin staph infection are boils and puss-filled accesses. These areas of the infection are commonly red, swollen and painful. Drainage of the infections is common practice. When S aureus enters the blood stream it can spread to organs and cause serious infections, this is known as bacteremia or sepsis. Patients with underlying lung disease may deve lop staphylococcus pneumonia which causes an abscess formation in the ungs. Infection of the heart valves, also called endocarditis, can lead to heart failure. Staphylococcal food poisoning causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration. (MedicineNet, n. d. ) Minor skin infections may be treated with an antibiotic ointment or oral antibiotics. Serious and life-threatening illness may be treated with intravenous antibiotics depending on the particular staphylococcal strain. Some strains, such as MRSA, are resistant to many antibiotics. †¢What steps can be taken to prevent further outbreaks? Include individual as well as environmental precautions and methods. There is not a vaccine available against Staphylococcus aureus since bacteria are so widespread. But there are common hygiene practices that can reduce the risk of developing staph infections. Thoroughly washing hands is the best defense against germs. If you have a cut or wound, keep it clean and covered with sterile bandages until they heal completely. Avoid sharing personal items such as towels, sheets, razors and clothing. Women that use tampons can reduce their risk by changing tampons frequently. Hospitals can reduce transmission of staphylococcal aureus and MRSA by ensuring proper hygiene is a priority with all healthcare workers. They can also disinfect surfaces that are handled by healthcare workers, patients and visitors daily. A study was done to test the growth rate of staphylococci on stainless steel and brass. The results of this study showed the growth of the bacteria to be lower on the brass covered hardware. This could be a change hospitals can make to help reduce the spread of staphylococcus. Noyce, Michels, & Keevil, 2006, p. 290) Reference: Microbiology. (2005, May 25). What Is Staphylococcus Aureus? Bionewsonline. com Retrieved January 21, 2012, from http://www. bionewsonline. com/i/what_is_staphylococcus_aureus. htm Wikipedia. (2012, January 17). Staphylococcus Aureus. Wikipedia. org Retrieved January 21, 2012, form http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Staphylococcus_aureus Eurosurveillance. (January 2008). An outbreak of hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus skin infection among newborns, Nan Province, Thailand, January 2008. EuroSurveillance. org. Retrieved January 21, 2012, from http://www. eurosurveillance. org/ViewArticle. aspx? ArticleId=19372 MedicineNet. (n. d. ). Staph Infection. MedicineNet. com. Retrieved on January 21, 2012 from http://www. medicinenet. com/staph_infection/article. htm#symptoms J. O. Noyce, H. Michels, & C. W. Keevil. (2006). Potential use of copper surfaces to reduce survival of epidemic Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the healthcare environment. [Electronic Version]. Journal of Hospital Infection, 63, 289-297

Free Essays on The Perfect Storm

Junger mentions in the foreword that he wanted to write a fictional account of the last moments of the six crew members aboard the Andrea Gail and the events leading up to it. He uses secondary sources because very few primary sources exist, as the crew of the Andrea Gail are not alive. The purpose of using the secondary source information is to effectively make the last moments of the Andrea Gail crew seem more real to the reader who is reading it. Second source information is reliant on someone else’s information or account on something. The sources of information that he has included are weather charts, radio contact/conversation, interviews, research, historical precedents, factual information, statistics, shipping logs, anecdotes and survival stories. Weather charts are a secondary source used by Junger to effectively show the highs and lows of pressure in the atmosphere. This allows the reader to follow on with the weather pattern progress throughout the text. On page 123 and 132 Junger has used weather charts to note the movement of Hurricane Grace, how strong the winds are and how much sea it is pulling. By using weather charts it makes the last moments of the Andrea Gail seem more real as it explain how powerful the winds are so the reader can imagine what it was like and compare what the Andrea Gail may have had to deal with. Junger also uses radio contact/conversation as a secondary source in this text. It is used for various reasons such as distress calls or check up’s between ships. For example on page 119 there is a radio conversation between Linda Greenlaw and Billy Tyne. They check up on each other, talk about the storm and decide to talk later about supplies. Junger has effectively used radio contact/conversation as communication between boats and also so the reader can understand the events that lead the last days of the Andrea Gail. This makes the last moments of the crew members on the Andrea Gail seem real a... Free Essays on The Perfect Storm Free Essays on The Perfect Storm Junger mentions in the foreword that he wanted to write a fictional account of the last moments of the six crew members aboard the Andrea Gail and the events leading up to it. He uses secondary sources because very few primary sources exist, as the crew of the Andrea Gail are not alive. The purpose of using the secondary source information is to effectively make the last moments of the Andrea Gail crew seem more real to the reader who is reading it. Second source information is reliant on someone else’s information or account on something. The sources of information that he has included are weather charts, radio contact/conversation, interviews, research, historical precedents, factual information, statistics, shipping logs, anecdotes and survival stories. Weather charts are a secondary source used by Junger to effectively show the highs and lows of pressure in the atmosphere. This allows the reader to follow on with the weather pattern progress throughout the text. On page 123 and 132 Junger has used weather charts to note the movement of Hurricane Grace, how strong the winds are and how much sea it is pulling. By using weather charts it makes the last moments of the Andrea Gail seem more real as it explain how powerful the winds are so the reader can imagine what it was like and compare what the Andrea Gail may have had to deal with. Junger also uses radio contact/conversation as a secondary source in this text. It is used for various reasons such as distress calls or check up’s between ships. For example on page 119 there is a radio conversation between Linda Greenlaw and Billy Tyne. They check up on each other, talk about the storm and decide to talk later about supplies. Junger has effectively used radio contact/conversation as communication between boats and also so the reader can understand the events that lead the last days of the Andrea Gail. This makes the last moments of the crew members on the Andrea Gail seem real a...

Cassius Dio

Cassius Dio Cassius Dio, also sometimes known as Lucius, was a Greek historian from a leading family of Nicaea in Bithynia. He is perhaps best known for publishing a through history of Rome in 80 separate volumes. Cassius Dio was born in Bithynia around 165 AD. Dio’s exact birth name is unknown, although it is probable that his full birth name was Claudius Cassius Dio, or potentially Cassius Cio Cocceianus, although that translation is less likely. His father, M. Cassius Apronianus, was proconsul of Lycia and Pamphylia, and legate of Cilicia and Dalmatia. Dio was in the Roman consul twice, perhaps in A.D. 205/6 or 222, and then again in 229. Dio was a friend of the emperors Septimius Severus and Macrinus. He served his second consulship with Emperor Severus Alexander. After his second consulship, Dio decided to retire from political office, and he went home to Bithynia. Dio was named praetor by Emperor Pertinax, and is thought to have served in this office in 195. In addition to his work on the history of Rome from its foundation to the death of Severus Alexander (in 80 separate books), Dio also wrote a history of the Civil Wars of 193-197. Dios history was written in Greek. Only a few of the original 80 books of this history of Rome have survived to this day. Much of what we know about the various writings of Cassius Dio comes from Byzantine scholars. The Suda credits him with a Getica (actually written by Dio Chrysostom) and a Persica (actually written by Dinon of Colophon, according to Alain M. Gowing, in Dios Name, (Classical Philology, Vol. 85, No. 1. (Jan., 1990), pp. 49-54). Also Known As: Dio Cassius, Lucius History of Rome Cassius Dio’s most well-known work is a thorough history of Rome that spans 80 separate volumes. Dio published his work on the history of Rome after twenty-two years of intensive research on the topic. The volumes span approximately 1,400 years, beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. From The Encyclopedia Britannica: â€Å"His history of Rome consisted of 80 books, beginning with the landing of Aeneas in Italy and ending with his own consulship. Books 36–60 survive in large part. They relate events from 69 bc to ad 46, but there is a large gap after 6 bc. Much of the work is preserved in later histories by John VIII Xiphilinus (to 146 bc and then from 44 bc to ad 96) and Johannes Zonaras (from 69 bc to the end). Dio’s industry was great, and the various offices he held gave him opportunities for historical investigation. His narratives show the hand of the practiced soldier and politician; the language is correct and free from affectation. His work is far more than a mere compilation, though: it tells the story of Rome from the perspective of a senator who has accepted the imperial system of the 2nd and 3rd centuries. His account of the late republic and the age of the Triumvirs is especially full and is interpreted in light of the battles over supreme rule in his own day. In Book 52 there is a long speech by Maecenas, whose advice to Augustus reveals Dio’s own vision of the empire.†

Religion a Standard in Public Education Research Paper

Religion a Standard in Public Education - Research Paper Example Since almost every individual of society contains direct or indirect linkage with the religion, basic knowledge about this social phenomenon is extremely necessary for all members of a social establishment; the same is applied on the multicultural and multi-religious US society, where the people belonging to divergent beliefs reside and adopt the teachings of their spiritual system both openly and secretly. Since sociology is the scientific study of different human institutions, the information about the cult and system of different religions is a matter of grave concern for the student of sociology. However, it is really startling to note that an overwhelming majority of the US population keeps very little knowledge about the faith prevailing in their culture. Not only this that they do not know about the religious belief of the fellow humans, but also it is a great tragedy to learn that the US citizens have given up taking interest in the religious values they follow. It has not on ly invited the concern of the philosophers and thinkers, but also alienation with the spiritual activities have alarmed them that aloofness and disinterest from religious fabrics may pave the way towards the serious decline of moral values from the very face of the US society. Consequently, the intellectuals and theorists have urged the authorities to include the subject of religion in different social sciences disciplines in order to get the students introduced with this primary institution of society. The present study aims to explore the need and significance of religion and importance of its study in the contemporary life. The study has also been supported with the theory of religion articulated by Max Weber. Essay By critically analyzing the history of the world at large, it becomes crystal clear that humans have always been the followers of one or more religions since their very arrival on the earth. The belief in supernatural powers is actually the outcome of their helplessne ss and inability to get their wishes and dreams fulfilled on the one hand, and the absence of their power to overcome certain problems and difficulties on the other. Although, humans have made tremendous developments in every field of life; yet such moments come in life when they undergo sentimental and emotional collapse and feel entirely helpless in the face of hardships; they are bound to seek the support of someone supernatural for their rescue as well as for the solution of their difficulties. Thus, religion provides spiritual guidance and emotional relief to the humans. In other words, humans have discovered the very reality that their survival in this world in a respectable and comfortable manner is directly dependent of seeking help from the unseen regulatory authorities of the universe. â€Å"Humans have formed their own beliefs (called probability belief in mathematics and science) about the set of unknowable elements of the universe.   They have branded their beliefs a bout the unknowable as religion.† (Acharya, 2006) Hence, they have found the very truth that there is present some metaphysical powers which are regulating the system of the universe. Consequently, having affiliations with these supernatural powers and begging before them for the elimination of hardships as well as removal of misfortunes is inevitable for their survival. The universality of religion is not based upon the forms of belief and practice, but upon the social functions which religion universally fulfills. Sociologically defined, a religion is a system of beliefs and symbolic practices and objects, governed by faith rather than

Wage Labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wage Labor - Essay Example They are portrayed as unfortunate and suffer at the hands of industrialists. On the contrary, the capitalists live in an upper class area where sun shines every morning. They are considered the fortunate ones. Their machineries churn and release steam in work areas and where labor lives. Through Fredersen, the film shows how people accumulate capital via expropriation in the sense that Fredersen’s father does not care about the welfare of his workers. For instance, when Freder tells his Father about the death of one of their workers, he fires his assistant Josephat so that he does not pay them their wages. Freder then starts thinking about the status of his workers. At the end of the film, he gets trapped in his industry and risks his life to save his labors (Freder). Similarly, in Chaplin’s Modern Times, the filmmakers try to present the matters between labor and the industrialists. In Modern Times, Charlie, the protagonist, performs the role of a struggling labor. He works at a grinding wheels industry where his boss often increases the speed so he could consume twice output from his labors. The movie shows the struggles of labor that they are not even allowed to interact directly with each others. In these two films, Fritz Lang’s Metropolis and Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times, the filmmakers briefly show the differences and issues created between the labors and the capitalists. ... In Metropolis, filmmakers present the differences from capitalists’ perspectives and it is observed that makers try to favor the industrialists in the society. Despite of the fact that how badly Fredersens’ father behaves with his employees, his son the lead character of the film, acts kind with them. He was trapped in his factory and risked his life for the labors. He then starts being a good man and becomes the connecting factor between the two fractions of the capitalist society, the labors and the capitalists (Freder). Whereas in Charlie’s Modern Times, the makers strive to favor labors point of view by showing the story from their perspective. The film shows how a laborer struggles to adjust in the society after suffering hugely in the hands of different industrialists. Even after all the struggles and sufferings, Charlie still risks his life to save his boss from an accident (Chaplin). Analyzing the information it can conclude that the both films present th e issues between labors and capitalist in two different ways but the main highlight is to develop understanding the relationship between capitalist and labors. The similarity between these two films is the plot that demonstrates the interdependency of labors and capitalists. The plot of both films emphasize when labors are nothing without industrialists, these films portray that capitalists also cannot operate their industries without the labors. Both the movies talk about the dedication of labors and capitalist and try to remove the biases on capitalists of being unfair with their labors. The relationship between the government and business is evident in the films in the sense that the government seems to draft laws that controls the operation of the business in order to avoid public

Technology Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technology - Annotated Bibliography Example The article entails a strategy for increasing the applications of NII technology. The article recognizes the role of South-East  Asia  Regional  Office in offering leadership on health matters. Moreover, the article notes that the South-East  Asia  Regional  Office analyzes evidence-based policy options and offers technical support to countries and monitors health trends across the globe. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). Health Communication and Health Information Technology. Retrieved from: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/health-communication-and-health-information-technology?topicid=18 The article argues that health communication and health information technology play a fundamental role in health care delivery, public health, and shaping our opinion on health. The source seeks to prove that health communication strategies and health information technology can enhance population health outcomes, health equity, and health care quality. The source is important and reliable since it depicts the significance of health communication and health information technology on health sciences. The source relies on secondary sources to support its arguments. The article establishes how advancements in mobile and wireless technologies support mHealth that has the potential to transform global health care delivery. The article seeks to determine the status of mHealth in U.N member states. The article derives the advancement of mHealth and its impact on healthcare delivery. The source is important and reliable since it addresses the impact of technology in health sciences and medicine. The source relies on a survey of four aspects and fourteen categories of mHealth to derive its findings. Lasker, R., Humphreys, B., & Braithwaite, W. (2006). Making a Powerful Connection: The Health of the Public and the National Information Infrastructure. Retrieved from:

Attendance Monitoring System Essay Example for Free

Attendance Monitoring System Essay The system tracks the performance of employees regarding their attendance on a daily basis. 1. 2 System Overview Attendance Monitoring System provides a foolproof solution using fingerprint authentication with the use of a Barcode Scanner for input and affiliated with payroll ystem and human resource development system and provides efficient reports of the company.. The system records details such as arrival and departure of employees besides monitoring their attendance on a daily basis. 1. 2. 1 System Description Attendance Monitoring System takes input in a barcode scanner to collect and process data. Attendance monitoring system will provide the needed data for the payroll system for the deductions of the employee to be process. It provides reports of the DTR, the absences, and the leave of the employee. 1. 2. 2 System Organization Attendance Monitoring System has a barcode scanner that takes the input of the employee in barcode id. The system will monitor the daily, monthly, yearly record of the employees absences, leaves, and DTR. It computes for the late of the employee for the deductions. 1. 3 Project References http://www. digitscorp. com/insight/attendance-and-time-monitoring-system. html   http://www. bioenable. co. in/fingerprints_software_development_kit. htm   http:// www. aryah. net/TAMS. htm 1. 4 Glossary Provide a glossary of all terms and abbreviations used in the manual. If it is several pages in length, it may be placed in an appendix. 2 MANAGEMENT OVERVIEW The subsequent sections provide a brief description of the implementation and major tasks involved in this section. 2. 1 Description of Implementation This section provides a brief description of the system and the planned deployment, installation, and implementation approach. * The Attendance Monitoring System will be implemented along together with the Human Resource Development Information System and Payroll System, in which it can operate as a single software. 2. 2 Points of Contact In this section, identify the System Proponent, the name of the responsible organization(s), and titles and telephone numbers of the staff who serve as points of contact for the system implementation. These points of contact could include the Project Manager. Program Manager, Security Manager. Database Administrator, Configuration Management Manager, or other managers with responsibilities relating to the system implementation. The site implementation representative for each field managers and staff with whom the implementation must be coordinated. 2. 3 Major Tasks This section provides a brief description of each major task required for the implementation of the system. Add as many subsections as necessary to this section to describe all the major tasks adequately. The tasks described in this section are not site-specific, but generic or overall project tasks that are required to install hardware and software, prepare data, and verify the system. Include the following information for the description of each major task, if appropriate: What the task will accomplish   Resources required to accomplish the task Key person(s) responsible for the task Criteria for successful completion of the task   Examples of major tasks are the following:   Providing overall planning and coordination for the implementation   Providing appropriate training for personnel   Ensuring that all manuals applicable to the implementation effort are available when neededProviding all needed technical assistance Scheduling any special computer processing required for the implementation   Performing site surveys before implementation Ensuring that all prerequisites have been fulfilled before the implementation date Providing personnel for the implementation team Acquiring special hardware or software Performing data conversion before loading data into the systemPreparing site facilities for implementation 2. 4 Implementation Schedule In this section, provide a schedule of activities to be accomplished during implementation. Show the required tasks (described in Section 2. 3, Major Tasks) in chronological order, with the beginning and end dates of each task. 2. 5Security If appropriate for the system to be implemented, include an overview of the system security features and requirements during the implementation. 2. 5. 1 System Security Features In this section, provide an overview and discussion of the security features that will be associated with the system when it is implemented. It should include the primary security features associated with the system hardware and software. Security and protection of sensitive bureau data and information should be discussed, if applicable. Reference the sections of previous deliverables that address system security issues, if appropriate. 2. 5. 2Security During Implementation This section addresses security issues specifically related to the implementation effort, if any. For example, if LAN servers or workstations will he installed at a site ith sensitive data preloaded on non-removable hard disk drives, address how security would be provided for the data on these devices during shipping, transport, and installation because theft of the devices could compromise the sensitive data.

Global market strategy for LOréal

Global market strategy for LOrà ©al The word globalization came into limelight in the 80s. Now in 21st century this has become a household name. Some analyst says that this will swallow whole small and mid cap companies but as my perception the whole concept of globalization has changed the scenario of the world. No one have to fear in this scenario. Everyone has a market to trade in. The world has become a single market. The only thing is the survival of the fittest. If you have to survive then you will have to fight. Otherwise you will be thrown out of the market. With the help of globalization many small and mid cap companies have become multibillion dollar enterprises. This has created a whole new trend of entrepreneurship .Now everyone want his share in the business world. Lots of opportunities are opening. Above all, LOreal, the worlds largest cosmetic and beauty company is doing an extraordinary work .LOreal is the one of that kind of company, which is taking full profit of globalization (LOreal: The Beauty of G lobal Branding (intl edition)). As we all now, every coin have two sides, same goes with globalization. It is opening new market, new opportunities, with these it is also bringing new challenges. Because every country has different culture, different government rules and many more factor. So management has a large burden for expanding business. But business is not about only expanding business; it should also be profitable (Strategy Analysis of LOreal). Otherwise there is no need of expansion. So every company has a tough task in maintaining a balance between growth and profit. Also in newer market there are local competitors, who get a lot of subsidies, this makes business worst competition. Also there is a challenge of making a relationship with customers. Customers should feel about products. Product range should be also large, because market is full of different kind of customers. Every customer has a different taste, and to satisfy all of them is a very tough task. There also genre problem, youth like far diff erent thing than older people and middle aged people. The product also should be a household name, like when we go to buy a cold drink we dont ask shopkeeper to give any cold drink. We say them to give either PepsiCo or coke product. This same goes to LOreal, which has now become a household name in many new emerging marketing many countries, where LOreal have started its business has become leader of that market or it is climbing the leader of success too fast. There is a very bigger problem regarding the globalization for the companies about the suitability of the products in new markets. Every country is diversified. Environment and conditions are too different. So product suitability is very important for a global company. These all make research and development section very important for any MNCs. It is like backbone of a company. If any company has to survive in newer market then RD is a very key factor for a company. LOreals RD part is too much smart and innovative. LOreal is leading the market with its new range of product for all genres, all environment. Innovation is very important in todays market. Since every company is coming with a whole new range of products so to survive in market any MNC should be one step ahead from its competitors. LOreal is leading at this front also .Nanotechnology is a key sector now for whole world .it has the largest number of innovation to come in future. Every product is shrinking. It has also touched cosmetic industry. LOreal is the top Patent holder in United States and leading this industry from front. About LOreal LOreal group is the largest cosmetics and Beauty Company of the world in terms of both shares and sales. It has registered office in the city of fashion i.e. Paris and the head office in Paris and Clichy, France .Its area of business spread in the field of cosmetics and other beauty and makeup products both for men and women. LOreal is mainly concentrating on hair color, skin care, sun protection, make-up, perfumes and hair care. LOreal also has a wide interest in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields and is the top nanotechnology patent-holder in the United States. The idea of LOreal came to mind of a young French chemist Eugene Schuler when he developed a hair dye formula called aureole in 1907 and sold it to local Persian hairdressers after self formulating and manufacturing the product. In 1909, he registered his company as the societal franquise de teintures inoffensives pour cheveux, translated as the safe hair dye company of the France which later came as what is now known as one of the best brands of the world i.e. LOreal (Reddy, 2010) LOreal has 23 global brands with a total gross revenue of $17.5 billion 2009 and $19.5 billion in 2010 and a total profit of $2.4 billion dollar in 2010 which is considered as a very remarkable achievement. Main stock holders of the company are Bettencourt family which holds around 31% of the total shares, nestle which holds around 30%, 2.4% by treasury shares and 36% are publicly traded shares. The current scenario of the global trade between different countries refers to the situation where it is clarified that no country can be independent in terms of economics, or in other words every country is becoming interdependent on each other. The trade between countries is increasing day by day as one country is dependent on another country for satisfy their needs and demands for different products like almost every country in this world is making trade relations with the gulf countries for satisfying their needs for fossil fuels as fossil fuels like patrol and diesels is of immense use in many industries like the automobiles industry, aircraft industry, machinery, almost everywhere. Therefore it is very important to maintain good economic and trade relations with the other countries if a country wants to survive in the global market. LOreal for ex. had increased the scope of trade throughout almost every country of the world, LOreal has to face many problems in the meanwhile like there are many countries who doesnt allows trade relations so flexibly like for ex. Japan had a trade policy that doesnt allows the USA to sell much of their products while they are selling their products to the USA, there are many countries in the world that doesnt allows flexible and open trade relations. The company is facing both tariff and non-tariff related issues in doing trade with the countries, fortunately for LOreal tariff problems had been reduced to a record level but the trade barriers are still one of the major problem that hinders in the way of making trade relations to other countries. Previously LOreal was concentrating on selling its products and doing business deals with countries like Western Europe, United States, and Japan as the market in these countries was very much open for foreign trade and there were not many opportunities for the company to trade, but nowadays as the concept of globalization is spreading around the globe, countries like Latin America, India, china, Russia, Asia, eastern Europe, and Africa are emerging as the major players of the market and is considered the economies that is likely to be the major economies of the world in future, these countries are continuing to open its trade with outside countries and offering policies which are very attractive for companies of different countries. Likewise LOreal is taking advantage of the open market and the concept of globalization and is opening its retail stores in many countries of the world including India and china which are considered the fastest growing economies of the world. This policy adapted by the company is not only helping them in trade with other countries and spread its business across the globe but also giving a firm advantage to peoples of different countries as well as benefitting them with the best technology of different economies. As the consumer now has a very large range of products to chose from, and this is giving LOreal a good competition while increasing its market shares in the global economy. With the introduction of the world trade organization (WTO) the open trade between countries had went up at a record breaking speed in terms of economics and had opened gates for trade among countries. And after the introduction of general agreements of tariff and trades (GATT), LOreal had increased participating in maintaining close economic relations with other countries and also opening their franchises in different countries. LOreal had developed a global management committee for foreign trade as well. After the introduction of the WTO, LOreal had also introduced new products and brands as well under the tag to increase the interest of peoples in the brand. Global marketing strategy As I stated in my introduction part, I shown that globalization is very important in todays world. So for every company there should be a good global marketing strategy. Here are some of the examples of global marketing strategy of LOreal. The four major strategies consists of four Ps i.e. product, price, place, promotion product This is the one of the most important part for marketing strategy for loreal to trade in countries which have all together a different economy. LOreal has five worldwide research and development centers: two in France, one in the U.S. New Jersey; one in Japan Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture; and in 2005, one was established in Shanghai, China. A future facility in the US will be in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. In 1920 the company has only 3 chemists and now it is reaching the peak with a sum of 2000 chemists. Five worldwide research and development centre shows how much dedicated team is of LOreal to fulfill customers satisfaction and make sure what should be the product variations according to the countries. The production and marketing of product Research and Development part has also a lot of cultural problems. Many countries have liberal government and liberal media. But in many part of the world research for new products according to the environment are a sensitive area for LOreal to look for. Like in America group of protestors from the NGO nature watch protested to Company that it continues to test new ingredients on animals without proper measures. So there should be research in proper manner so there should be no protest as it deviates the consumer mind. Ultimately the company has to suffer the revenue with a loss. Moreover selecting a product to sell according to countries is a much bigger task for both the production department and the research and development department. price LOreal has spread its reach in 130 countries and trying to spread it more. It is necessary to expand area to become global and company is best at it. LOreal has 23 global brands which make it a versatile company for all consumers. Large coverage is not of worth if there is not profit. And company is waving flag at this corner, in 2009 it had total revenue of 17.5 billion dollar and in year 2010 it reached to 19.5 billion dollar with increase in net profit. Increase in profit and revenue in this competitive condition is very fruitful for country. But the major emphasis of LOreal is on selecting a price band for all the products which LOreal deals in countries like consider the Asian continent, in Asian continent the price band for products is selected in the range of moderate to low price depending on the country and in the united states the price band for products is very high from the perspective of the Asian continent. So the pricing structure should be the major factor that should be kept in mind and also considering the quality that LOreal delivers. place It has 64,600 employees worldwide. This big dedicated and intelligent team Of LOreal makes operation successful of company and delivers best product to consumers. With large number of human resources also come a lot of problems. Like Problems related to wages and many other issues are painful for any company. But LOreal is handling this very well with no any employee problem that is picture perfect case for LOreal. LOreal has a very good employee base which is very highly qualified as their training methodology is very good, LOreal picks up their employees from the country itself within which they are trading. LOreals strategy changes place to place for ex its strategy of trading in the Asian continent is very much different as that of the European continent and the north American continent as the peoples of the European continent and the north American continent is very much obsessed with the lifestyle and other things but the peoples of the Asian continent is not so obsessed and not so much interested in the lifestyle products like cosmetics and hair products. That is why LOreal has a totally different strategy depending on places they are trading in. promotion To increase market cap sharply, acquisition is so important. So in March 2006, company bought The body shop in 652 million. And thereby promoted themselves among various countries where the companies that LOreal acquainted trades. These acquisitions increased the brand value of LOreal too much. This is good for global strategy of company also company is searching for new fresh opportunities to acquire new few good companies. LOreal is also serving society in many ways .This part is also important in global marketing since these things attaches customers to the company. Company is encouraging an outstanding researcher every year for scientific progress with LOreal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science. It also organizes LOreal Brainstorm every year with prize money $10000 for students in 43 countries. Thus delivering a message of a company with human values, this helps in promoting themselves around the globe as a descent companies and thus help LOreal to promote themselves and trade healthy business across the globe. These society serving cause make a good relationship with customers also the tag line is important. The companies is changing it as per customers initially the slogan was because Im worth it now has been changed to because were worth it. The shift of us from I makes customer feel nearer. This is best for the company, since company faithful customers are heart of the company. According to the concept of globalization, a company which is guided by and run on the global marketing orientation or philosophy is generally referred to as a global company and so is LOreal a global company according to the concept. The global market analysis says that LOreal should have to focus on a standardized marketing strategy that can be implemented across the boundaries. Global strategies for different continents Asian continent Consider for ex Asia, most of the countries in the Asian continent are developing countries like India, china, Indonesia, and sri lanka etc. the economies of these countries are considered developing. And in the future these countries like India and china promises to be a fully developed and one of the biggest economies. And moreover India is one of the hot spots for global cosmetic players like LOreal. Therefore LOreal needs to definitely look upon to the pricing strategies and product specifications in great details; moreover there are some more objectives that LOreal need to look upon to improve their business in India. LOreal has various strategies and concerns that needs to be sharpen, LOreal is focusing on to adopt local culture for the development and promotion of their product in the Asian subcontinent. The major business of LOreal in the Asian continent is divided in two parts first in the developed countries like Japan, Singapore, and UAE etc. and second in the developing countries that majorly includes India and china. LOreal is having a very good strategy for selling their products in the European continent. As the peoples of the Asian continent is not so obsessed with the premium products and is satisfied with simple daily use products of LOreal, therefore LOreal is having emphasis on only selling their regular use products in the Asian continent and not very much obsessed with selling their premium products in the Asian continent. Therefore LOreal is developing strategies for trading in these countries, for e.g. take India for consideration, LOreal is going local on all levels for trading in India, as they have a totally different pricing structure for the peoples of India plus they are having an Indian brand ambassador for promoting their brand in the country. These strategies are enabling LOreal to improve their trading in the Asian continent. The major thing that LOreal is focusing right now is the promotion of their brand on a grand level so that they can trade with more and more countries of Asia. Loreal in India LOreal entered into the India market in the year 1997 in order to capture the loophole in the hairdressing industry in the country as there was not a sniff of structure in this industry. At present the hair industry of the country has Rs. 200 Crore business and LOreal is the market leader in the hairdressing industry in the country. LOreal professional products are very well known in the country and the company spends a big amount of the manufacturing into the research and development of the products. The main strategy on which the company works in India is that it skims top 100 cities of the country and created largest salon bases which contribute around 40 percent of the total revenue by LOreal. Many of the competitors in the country try to follow same strategies but could not reach the same level (LOreals success story in India, 2005). European continent As European continent is the base and the major market of LOreal therefore LOreal is focusing more and more on trading in the European continent that includes majorly Paris, England, Germany, and the Italy. These countries i.e. Italy and France are considered as the fashion capital of the world and as LOreal is based in the France therefore the major emphasis of LOreal is to deliver best in quality products for the peoples of the European continent so as to earn customer satisfaction and also to promote them. The major emphasis of LOreal is to make a firm base in the European cosmetics market and the pricing structure of LOreal is also of premium category in the European market as the peoples of Europe is considered rich and wealthy in terms of economy and moreover the lifestyle of the peoples in the European continent is such that LOreal can make at most advantage of that in terms of sales and promotion. According to figures the European continent is the biggest consumer of the products made by LOreal. The main advantage that LOreal enjoys of trading in the European continent is that the culture of the peoples of the European continent is very advanced and they could pay whatever it takes for a cheerful and healthy lifestyle. Not only the women but mans are also very much obsessed about the living lifestyle in terms of looks and presentation. LOreal is having a lot of consumers for the consumption of their premium products in the European continent therefore they have no need to change strategies to deal on the premium products in the European continent. LOreal is getting a very good competition from other brands in this field, therefore they needs to focus on their pricing and promotional strategies to trade in the European continent. LOreal in Italy In order to get success in the beauty product sector, LOreal employed more than 2000 employees and got more than one billion Euros. Company created several offices all around the world. The problem with the directors of Loreal in Italy was to manage the information as there was not effective flow of information and also decision making in the company was poor. In order to give a dramatic impact on the productivity of LOreal in Italy, management of the company proposed a better management of the email and improvement in access to the corporate data in order to improve the informational flow and decision making of the company so that the productivity of the company could be better. This was the main strategy played by LOreal in Italy (Lano, 2008). North American continent Like the European continent, the peoples of the north American continent is also very much obsessed about their looks and presentation, therefore LOreal has a very good chance to trade in this country and that is what LOreal is doing for past many decades, the major consumers of LOreal in the north American continent is from the united states of America and the Canada. As the United States of America is the biggest economy till date therefore LOreals business is blooming in the states. The major states of the USA such as New York which is one of the fashion capitals of the world and the Las Vegas and the Los Angeles which is considered as one of the most happening cities of the world where people is highly obliged to fashion, LOreal has the biggest market in the US after the European countries like France and Italy. LOreal is also facing a great challenge from other major competitors of the USA but still they are finding themselves at the top of the list because of their policies of products, promotion and pricing according to the place. The peoples of the north American continent can afford premium products therefore the main source business of LOreal in the north American continent is the premium products unlike the Asian continent where people are not very much interested in the premium products. The peoples of the North American continent mainly youths are very much impressed with the products offered by LOreal, and the pricing structure of the products of LOreal is also very nominal in these countries therefore people are keen to use these products. LOreal in US LOreal success in US mainly depends on the anti aging cream which has been launched in recent time in the country. It is predicted that future success of LOreal in the country mainly depends on this product by LOreal. Main reason behind this is that anti aging skin care cream has the marketing leading growth in the country and there is more and more number of competitors emerging with this product in the market. Hence, it has become necessary for the company to keep a real focus on the anti aging cream segment. Skin care segment in US is heavily competitive and hence LOreal research team is trying to maintain its share in the market of 13.5 percent and is not focusing to increase the share (Pitman, 2010). LOreal in Mexico In order to get success in the beauty industry in Mexico, LOreal Mexico has chosen Digimind for the marketing and intelligence need for the company. Company mainly focuses on the innovation and creating a large customer base with new and successful product line for the customers. In Mexico, LOreal has been one of the leading cosmetic companies and has a real quest for the innovation and excellence. Digimind has been hired by the company which is considered as one of eh most profitable company since its inception and has a constant growth rate of 50 percent (LOreal Mexico trusts Digimind for its Competitive Intelligence system, 2010). Oceania Oceania includes countries such as Hawaii, Philippines, and some minor islands such as Bonin Islands etc. The trading links of LOreal is not so much in these countries but it is increasing day by day since the concept of globalization is introduced, LOreal promises to have a very good trade in these countries in the future as the trade of LOreal is growing. The major product that is consumed in these countries includes sunscreen and other products like body lotions and other sun blocking creams. The strategy of LOreal to deal in the Oceania subcontinent is quite different from what we have discussed earlier. The pricing structure of the products of LOreal is very much in accordance to the needs and demands of the peoples of the Oceania subcontinent. The Oceania subcontinent is still to be explored by LOreal and LOreal is promised to do a good trading business in the subcontinent as the needs of peoples in this subcontinent is shifting from mere sun screen to other products offered by LOreal. Understanding of different cultural distinctions for international market The knowledge of different cultures is very important for LOreal in order to make a firm base in the market of any country. The different factors that are very important for LOreal to look upon are: The effect of culture of the country is one of the major aspects that LOreal needs to look upon as cultural factors like whether the country is agriculture based or industry based country had a direct impact on the survival of the company in the targeted country, the understanding of the cultural variations is also very important for any company in order to make business and forming a firm base for their products in an economy. The success of any multinational company or a specific product depends very much on the purchasing power of the peoples of that country and also the effect and success of the product in the country. For ex. LOreal is having a different pricing structure for different country and also the product specification changes according to the culture for e.g. the product used in England may be of no use in Asian country and vice-versa. Therefore before making a trade with any organization or country it is very important for LOreal to check out the feasibility of the pr oduct in that country and the end user. Effect of geography is also a very important factor that should be kept in mind while trading with any country. For LOreal especially this factor is of immense importance in deciding the feasibility of trade with the country because there are many things that should be kept in mind while doing any trade within any country like checking out the feasibility of the transportation and goods to places like countries in which terrains are very rocky and full of mountains and plateau it is very hard for LOreal to transport its products through any mode of road and by air if there is not an efficient air transport services in the country, though it is easy for the storage of cream and related products in such type of areas in which the temperature are low. On the other hand if the road transport system is good in some place then there is a possibility that the place lies in a tropical region where the temperature is very high therefore it would be very difficult for the company to have a pro per storage at a low temperature. Therefore feasibility of the trade in geography like this should also be considered (Wahlen, 2006). Technology and economics should be considered while having a trade between any countries. I.e. the project manager who is working on to check the feasibility and the trade chances with the country should also see if the country have enough technological advancement so that they can store and produce their goods at the place itself i.e. constructing a manufacturing unit rather than importing the product from the head manufacturing unit in the parent company. Thus this is very important for LOreal to make sure if the companies to whom they are going to make trade relations are equipped with advanced technology so that they can produce the products in the quantity they want to without having many problems. Another important thing that should be kept in mind is the economic condition of the country i.e. the company has to be made sure that if they are investing some money in a project of establishing a business in a country than they are getting enough returns in turn, and that could onl y be defined by the economic condition of the country like in the western European countries like France and England and in the united states where the economy is very solid and established it is very easy to LOreal to have a better customer base, and likewise LOreal can invest much money in the developing countries like India, china or Latin American countries where the lifestyle of peoples is enhancing and peoples are more keen to use products that are considered luxury and of a very high quality. Another major point that LOreal should kept in mind while doing trade within any different country is the political economy of that country i.e. the policies of doing trade within that country like for e.g. the united states are having a very open trade policy which allows any company to trade within the country without having much restrictions of trading, but in some countries like the china and Japan who is not so open in terms of open trading and lays emphasis on selling their own country made products rather than supporting some foreign brand, therefore it would be very difficult for LOreal to have a business base in these countries, and in countries like India which is a developing economy and which allows trading without having much restrictions and peoples of whom are developing with the developing economy with change in the lifestyle (Comezz). Therefore the major things that should be kept in mind for LOreal while doing business in the global market according to the very concept of globalization is to form an effective global strategic team for defining the trading policies to work in any country, the globalization strategy should comprises of major factors like cultural differences, economic policies of the country etc. moreover the changing lifestyles of the peoples and the rapidly changing economies should also be kept in mind